CHAPTER 12:INTEGRATING THE ORGANIZATION FROM END TO END-ENTERPRISE RESOURCES PLANNING

1.How did ERP help improve business operations at SHELL?

• The use such a system is a necessity in helping the company integrate and manage its daily operation-operation that span from wells and mines to processing plants , to oil  trucks and gas pumps.For example the ERP system has helped the company immensely in terms of reducing and streamlining the highly manual process of third-party contractors submitting repair information and invoices.On average there are between 2500 and 4000 service orders handled by these contractors per month on a nationwide basis.

2.How could extended ERP  components help improve business operation at SHELL?

• contractor had to send shell canada monthly summarized invoices that listed maintenance calls the contracters made at various shell gas online stations.

3.What advice would you give shell it if decide to choose a different ErP software solution?

• I think the shell no used the other erp system because erp system is the good system when the customer click the information about erp the everything about shell will be out with detail so customer can know about shell easily.

4.How can integrating SCM , CRM and ERP help improve business operation at shell?

• are the backbone of business.This item very important in operation at shell because from this shell can improve their organization for more good in industry and more success. Integrating of these application  is the key to success for many companies . Itegrations allows the unlocking of information to make it available any user.

CHAPTER 10:EXTENDING THE ORGANIZATION -SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

1.List and describe the component of a typical supply chain.

• supplier
• manufacturer
• distributor
• retailer
• customer

2.Describe four changes resulting from advances in IT that are driving supply chain.

-VISIBILITY

• is the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain.Changing supply chain requires a comprehensive strategy buoyed by information technology.

-CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

• has changed the way businesses compete.Customer will leave if a company does not continually meet their expectations.They are more demanding because they have information readily available they know exactly what they want and they know when and how they want it.

-COMPETITION

• use advanced mathematical  algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain while reducing inventory. SCP depends entirely on information for its accuracy.

-SPEED

• these system raise the accurancy between internal users.Another aspect of speed is the company ability to satisfy continually changing customer requirements efficiency accurately and quickly.

3.Summarize the best practises for implementing a successful supply chain management system.

-MAKE THE SALE TO SUPPLIER

• not only will the people in the organization need to changes the way they work.,but also the people from each supplier that is added to the network must change.

-WEAN EMPLOYEES OFF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES

• Operation people typical deal with phone call,faxes and order scrawled on paper and will most likely want to keep it that way.

-ENSURE THE SCM SYSTEM SUPPORTS THE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS

• it is important to select scm software that gives organizations an advantages in the areas most crucial to their business success.

-DEPLOY IN INCREMENTAL PHASES AND MEASURE AND COMMUNICATE SUCCESS

• For instance istead of installing a complete supply chain management system across the company and all supplier at once start by getting it working with a few key supplier.

-BE FUTURE ORIENTED

• the supply chain design must anticipate the future state of the business  because scm system likely will last for many more years than originally planned manager need to explore hoe flexible the system will be when changes are required in the future.

4.Define the relationship between decision-making and supply chain managament

-involve the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability.

CHAPTER 11:OPENING CASE

1. Why is it important for any company to use CRM strategics to manage customer information?

• will provide better customer service.
• it will increase customers cost revenue.
• customer can make call centers more efficient.
• it will help sales staff close deals faster with customers.
• company will identify cross sell products more effectively. 

2.I f the vitual world is the first point of contact betweent a company and its customers how might that tranform the entire shopping experience?

 IT WILL BE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECT OF BOTH PARTIES

-POSITIVE SIDES

• IT MORE EASY  TO MAKE CONVERSATION AND TRANSACTION
•  THE COMMUNICATION WILL BE MORE EFFECTIVE BECAUSE CUSTOMER CAN FACE TO FACE  WITH SELLER.
• THE CUSTOMER CAN GIVE COMMENTS OR CRITIC IN FRONT OF THE VIRTUAL TOOLS

-NEGATIVE SIDES 

 

•  HIGHER COST IN MAINTAINANCE.
• CUSTOMER DID NOT KNOW ABOUT  THE ACTUAL PRODUCT
• IT WILL HARD FOR CUSTOMER TO COMMUNICATE IF THE MACHINE IN TECHNICAL PROBLEM.

 

chapter 9:DECISION MAKING

EXPERT SYSTEMS

 -are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problem. Typically they include a knowledge base containing various accumulated experience and a set rules for applying the knowledge base to each particular situation.Are the most common form of all in the business arena because they fill the gap when human experts are difficult to find or retain or are too expensive.(CLICK HERE)


NEURAL NETWORKS

-Analyse large quantities of information to establish pattern and characteristic in situation where the logic or rules are unknown

• learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own.
• lending themselves to massive parallel processsing.
• functioning without complete or well-structure information.
• coping with huge volumes of information 
• analyzing nonliner relationship in information 

GENETIC ALGORITHMS (CLICK HERE)

-is an inteligence system that mimics evolutionary survival of the fittest process to generate increasingly better solution to a problem.Is essentially an optimizing system .Genetic algorithms are best suited to decision making environments in which thousand or perhaps millions of solution are posibble.Can find and evaluate solution with many more posibilities faster and more thoroughly than a human.Organization face decision making environment for all type of problem that require optimization techniquesnsuch as following:

• business executives use genetic algorithns to help them decide which combination of projects a firm should invest in taking complicated tax considerations into account.
• investment companies use genetic algorithms to help in trading decision

INTELLIGENT AGENT (CLICK HERE)

-is the special purpose knowledge based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users.Intelligent agents usually have a graphical  representation such as sherlock holmes for an information search agent.One of the simplest examples of an intelligence agent is a shopping bot.A shopping bot is software that will search several retailer website and provide a comparison each retailer`s offerings including price and availability Increasingly intelligence agent handle the majority of a company internet buying and selling and complete such processes as finding products bargaining over prices and executing transactions.Intelligence agents also have  the capability to handle all supply chain buying and selling.

Another application for intelligence agents is in environment scanning and competitive intelligence.

VIRTUAL REALITY (CLICK HERE)

-is computer stimulated environment that can be simulation of the real world or an imaginary world.Fast-growing area of artifical human company interfaces.Enables telepresence where users can  be anywhere in the world and used virtual reality system to work alone or together at a remote site.To enhance the sight and touch of a human who is remotely manipulating equipment to accomplish a task.

cHaPtER 8 :AcCeSsInG oRgAnIzAtIoNaL iN FoRmAtIoNal DaTa WarEhOuSE

1.Describe the roles purpose of data warehouse and date marts in an organization.

-data warehouse is a logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases that support business analysis and decision-making tasks.
-data marts-contains a subset of date warehouse information

2.Compare the multidimensional nature of data warehouse with the two-dimensional nature of databases.

-data base contain information in a series of two dimensional tables which means that you can only ever view two dimensional of information at one time.In a database warehouse and data marts information is multidimensional it contains layers of colums and rows.Each layer in a data warehouse or data marts represents information according to an additional dimension.Dimensions could such things as products,promotion,stores,category,region.stock price,date,time and even the weather.The ability to look information from different dimensions can add tremendous business insight.

3.Identify the importance of ensuring the cleanliness of information throughout an organization.

-maintain high quality data in the data warehouse.a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent,incorrect,or incomplete information,contact information in an operational system,standardizing customer name from operational system,information cleansing activities and accurate and complate information quality management.

4.Explain the relationship between business intelligence and data warehouse.

-business intelligence is the information that people use to support their decision-making efforts.
-data warehouse a logical collection of information-gathered from many different operational databases-that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.
-

ChApTeR 7; StoRiNg OrGaNiZaTiOnAl InFoRmAtiOn DaTaBaSE

1.Descride two primary method of integriting information across multiple database?

-Firstly forward integration takes information entered into a given system and send it automatically to all downstream system and process.Secondly backward integration takes information entered into given system and send it automatically to all upstream system and process

2.Describe the benefit of data-driven web site ?

-allow the website owner to make changes any time,a statis website requires a programmer to make updates,having a data-driven website enables to site to grow faster than would be possible with a static site and even the most competent programmer charged with the task of maintaining many pages will overlook things and make mistakes.

3.Define the fundamental concept of the rational database model?

-fundamental concept of rational database model have two types firstly entities and attributes.Entities in the rational database model is the person ,place,thing,transaction or event about which information is stored.Attributes also called fields or colums are characteristic or properties of an entity class.Secondly keys and relationships.

4.Evaluate the advantages of the rational database model?

-Firstly increase flexibility.increased scalability and performance,reduced information redundancy,increased information integrity(quality) and increased information security.

5.Compare operational integrity constraints and business-critical integrity constraints?

-operational integrity constraints are rules that enforce basic and fundamental information-based  constraints.Business-critical integrity constraints are rules that enforce rules vital to an organization success and often require more insight and knowledge than operational integrity constraints.

CHApTeR 5 :oRgAnizAtIoNaL sTrUcTUrEs ThAt SuPpOrT stRatEGiC iNiTiAtIvEs

1.Diffentiation between chief information officer (CIO) , chief technology officer (CTO) , chief security officer (CSO) , chief privacy officer (CPO) and chief knowledge officer (CKO).

CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO)

• responsible for overseeing all uses of information technology and ensuring the strategic alignment of IT with business goals  and objective. The CIO often report directly to the CEO. CIO must process a solid and detailed understading of every aspect of an organization coupled with tremendous insight into the capability of IT.
• ensure the delivery of all T projects on time and within budget.
• ensure the strategic vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization.
• advocate and communicate the IT strategy by building and maintain strong executive relationship. 

CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER(CTO)

• Develop and approve the DISA net-centricity and IP convergence strategy.
• Review and approve detailed net-centricity and IP convergence plans developed by Program and Service Managers.
• Conduct technical reviews of all solutions, products and services to determine compliance with overall DISA strategy and evaluate soundness of technical approach.  Provide recommendations as required to appropriate DISA leadership.
• Conduct technical reconnaissance to identify and recommend innovative engineering techniques, technologies, and products that may be of use to DISA.
• Represent DISA at senior level technical exchanges, conferences, panels, etc.
• Advise the Director and Vice-Director on all aspects of technology relevant to DISA efforts.
• Approve all technical standards leaving DISA and oversee all standards development.
• In conjunction with CAE, AFE, and SPI, conduct end-to-end reviews of all solutions, programs (how programs fit together), and services, ensuring all are consistent with GIG architecture and standards.
• Exercise governance over Joint Capability Technology Demonstrations and other technology innovation initiatives.
• Guide, direct and lead the Chief Engineers Panel.
• Work in conjunction with the Technical Director for Global NetOps to ensure the technical soundness of global NetOps systems and solutions.
• responsible for ensuring the throughput,speed,accurancy,availability and reliability of an orgaization information technology 
• CTO process well-rounded knowledge knowledge of all aspect of IT  including hardware,software and telecommunications.

CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER (CSO)

• Ensuring the confidentiality of sensitive information processed by, stored in, and moved through information systems and applications belonging to the enterprise. Examples of sensitive information processed by enterprise include personally identifiable information and other Privacy Act protected records; pre-release economic statistics; information provided by companies and individuals under the assumption of confidentiality; and pre-award contract financial information.
• Ensuring the integrity of the enterprise information such that decisions and actions taken based upon the data processed by, stored in, and moved through enterprise information systems can be made with the assurance that the information has not been manipulated, the information is not subject to repudiation, the source of the changes to information can be determined as best as possible.
• Ensuring the availability of the enterprise information systems and applications during routine operations and in crisis situations to support the enterprise Mission.
• responsibility for ensuring and developing strategic and IT safeguards against attacks from hackers and viruses.
• CSO posess detailed knowledge of networks and telecommunication because hackers and viruses usually find their way into IT system through networked computers.

CHIEF PRIVACY OFFICER (CPO)

• responsibility for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organization
• CPO are the newest senior executive position in IT.
• lawyers traning enabling them o understand the often complex legal issues surrounding the use of information.

CHIEF KNOWLEDGE OFFICER (CKO)

• responsible for collecting ,mainting and dstributing the organization knowledge.
• CKO desigs programs and system that make it easy for people to reuse knowledge.
• can contribute directly to the organization bottom line by reducing the learning curve for new employees or employees taking on new roles.